End Bonnets

Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers

End bonnets, also known as end channels, heads, end bells, are crucial components of shell and tube heat exchangers. They are typically located at both ends of the heat exchanger and serve as closures for the tube bundle and have nozzles or ports for fluid inlet and outlet. The design of the end bonnets can vary depending on the type of shell and tube heat exchanger. For instance, in fixed tubesheet designs, the tubesheets are attached directly to the shell, whereas in floating head designs, one tubesheet is not attached to the shell, allowing it to 'float' inside. This floating design allows for thermal expansion and prevents thermal stress. End bonnets can be designed with flanged or threaded connections for easy removal and access to the tube bundle for cleaning or maintenance. They can be made from a variety of materials, including cast iron, bronze, stainless steel, and other alloys, depending on the application's requirements.